This article was first published in 2013. Travel health advice, vaccine recommendations and entry requirements change over time, so check our latest guides below or speak with a TMA travel doctor before you travel.
Key points
- Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) occurs in parts of Europe and Asia, mainly in or near forests.
- The main transmission season is April to November, when ticks are most active.
- Most infections come from tick bites, but unpasteurised dairy can also spread it.
- Hikers, campers and cyclists in forested areas face the highest risk. City travellers have negligible risk.
Reviewed and updated November 2026.
Update: For trips involving forest activities in TBE areas, ask your travel doctor about tick bite prevention and vaccine options well before you leave.
| Recently a US family have been awarded $41.7 million in compensation for their daughter catching Tick Encephalitis on a school trip to China. More info.
The disease is quite rare in China but is not uncommon in Europe. Most Australians have never heard of this disease! Tick Borne Encephalitis is a serious disease carried by tick bites in Europe. 1-10% of ticks in affected areas may harbour the virus, and whilst many sufferers have no effect, the disease can cause brain damage and death. If you are travelling to Europe in the summer (risk season is April to October) and spending a month or more in the forests, vaccination may be recommended. The vaccine is not readily available in Australia, but in Europe the vaccine against TBE is the largest selling private vaccine. There have been 35 million doses prescribed since 1980. Austria has a national program for routine vaccination. Consult your local TMA clinic for more information. More info. |
| Areas with TE |
Frequently asked questions
Where is tick-borne encephalitis found?
In scattered areas from Western and Northern Europe to Northern and Eastern Asia. Russia, the Baltic states, Czech Republic and Slovenia have had high case numbers.
How can I prevent TBE?
Avoid tick bites with repellent and long clothing, check for ticks after outdoor activities, and avoid unpasteurised dairy products.
Sources
Related travel health guides
Planning a trip? A TMA travel doctor can tailor your vaccines and travel health advice to your itinerary.